Herbal compounds from the following plant sources have been found to have neuroprotection ability in various neurological disorders (original article).
| Herbal Drugs | Plant Sources | Involved Mechanism (s) | Treated Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (PL3) | Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula | cytokine regulation | LPS-induced model |
| Ampelopsin | Ampelopsis grossedentata | cytokine regulation, autophagy regulation | Stroke, brain aging |
| Astragaloside IV | Astragalus membranaceus | ER stress | PD |
| Baicalein | Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora | autophagy regulation, ER stress | PD |
| Berberine | Coptis chinensis | cytokine regulation, autophagy regulation | depression, AD, and ALS |
| Breviscapine | Erigerin breviscapus | autophagy regulation | cerebral ischemic |
| n-butylidenephthalide | Angelica sinensis | autophagy regulation, neurotransmitters and synaptic function | ALS, SCA3, and down syndrome model |
| Carnosic acid | Rosmarinus officinalis | autophagy regulation | AD and PD |
| Conophylline | Ervatamia microphylla | autophagy regulation | PD and HD |
| Crocin | Crocus sativus | ER stress | PD and AD |
| Cucurbitacin E | Wilbrandia ebracteata | autophagy regulation | PD |
| Eriodictyol | Dracocephalum rupestre | cytokine regulation | stroke |
| Ginsenoside compound K | Panax ginseng | autophagy regulation | AD |
| Ginsenoside Rb1 | Panax ginseng | autophagy regulation | spinal cord injury |
| Hederagenin | Hedera helix | autophagy regulation | PD |
| Huperzine A | Huperzia serrata | neurotransmitters and synaptic function | AD |
| Icariin | Epimedium segittatum | cytokine regulation | AD, stroke, depression |
| Icariside II | Epimedium brevicornum | cytokine regulation | AD |
| Isobavachalcone | Psoralea corylifolia | PD | |
| Luteolin | Lonicera japonica | autophagy regulation | AD |
| Maslinic acid | Olea europaea | oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury model | |
| Neferine | Nelumbo nucifera | autophagy regulation | HD |
| Oleuropein | Olea europaea | autophagy regulation | PD |
| Paeonol | Cortex Moutan | cytokine regulation | PD |
| Piperine | Piper longum L. | autophagy regulation | PD |
| Resveratrol | red wine | autophagy regulation, glucose metabolism | AD, PD, HD, and healthy older adults |
| Ruscogenin | Ophiopogon japonicas | cytokine regulation | Ischemic stroke |
| Sulforaphane | cruciferous vegetables | autophagy regulation | PD, HD |
| Tetrandrine | Stephania tetrandra | cytokine regulation | AD |
| Thamnolia vermicularis extract | Thamnolia vermicularis | autophagy regulation | AD |
| Triptolide | Tripterygium wilfordii | autophagy regulation | AD, PD |
Results also indicated that herbal extracts hold great potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases through targeting the modulation of autophagy:
